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Alle Oberthemen / Jura / Strafrecht / Kriminologie
69
Opfertypologien
Opfertypologien geben an, aufgrund welch individueller Disposition jemand zum Opfer wird. Die wichtigsten Befunde deutscher Untersuchungen zeigen folgendes Bild:

* Das Risiko, Opfer einer Straftat zu werden, variiert mit dem Alter: Jugendliche und Heranwachsende tragen ein deutlich größeres Risiko als ältere Menschen - besonders bei den Kontaktdelikten (Körperverletzung, Raub, sexuelle Belästigung).

* Das Geschlecht ist im Zusammenhang mit dem Opferrisiko von untergeordneter Bedeutung: Männer sind stärker von körperlicher Gewalt, Frauen stärker von Sexualdelikten betroffen. Bei den übrigen Delikten ist das Opferrisiko für beide Geschlechter in etwa gleich groß.

* Bei "Kontaktdelikten" ist der Familienstand von Bedeutung: Alleinstehende sind bei Kontaktdelikten (hier findet ein Kontakt zwischen Täter und Opfer statt, bspw. Körperverletzung) deutlich über-, Paare/Verheiratete unterrepräsentiert. Bei den übrigen Delikten spielt der Familienstand offenbar keine entscheidende Rolle.

* Bei Nicht-Gewalttaten (insbesondere Diebstahl) stehen Haushaltsgröße und -einkommen in Zusammenhang mit dem Opferrisiko: Haushalte mit drei oder mehr Personen und höherem Einkommen werden häufiger Opfer als kleine Haushalte/Haushalte mit geringem Einkommen.

* Menschen werden überwiegend an ihrem Wohnort (zu Hause/in der näheren Umgebung) Opfer: Mit zunehmender Entfernung vom Wohnort - Auslandsaufenthalte ausgenommen - nimmt das Viktimisierungsrisiko ab. Menschen in Städten mit mehr als 100.000 Einwohnern tragen ein höheres Risiko als auf dem Land; in den nördlichen und östlichen Bundesländern ist das Opferrisiko höher als in den südlichen.
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Karteninfo:
Autor: JuraStudi
Oberthema: Jura
Thema: Strafrecht
Veröffentlicht: 03.03.2010

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