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Trichromacity
Cone cells in the eye only report one integral value, which is

where is the incoming color spectrum and is the response function of the given cone type. Since there are only three types of cone cells, each color stimulus can be described by a three-tuple , the tristimulus.

Metamerism
Due to trichromacity, different color spectra can map to the same tristimulus value and thus produce the same color impression.