How do moth exhibit natural selection?
50 years ago, they were light to blend in with trees. Since trees have become darker with pollution and time, the moths have adapted and become darker.
What is an example of Batesian Mimicry?
The Viceroy and Monarch butterflies look the same. Only the Monarch is toxic
What is Müllerian Mimicry? Example.
The mutual resemblance of two or more unpalatable species to enhance predator avoidance.
Two S. American Butterfly Species [A and B].
A1:B1
A2:B2
A3:B3
A1≠B2
Two S. American Butterfly Species [A and B].
A1:B1
A2:B2
A3:B3
A1≠B2
What is the "resemblance of an organism to its background" called? What is an example of it?
Crypsis
Dead leaf buttefly - its wing looks like a leaf
Dead leaf buttefly - its wing looks like a leaf
What is the interaction between a Passion Vine and Butterfly?
Passion Vines deter butterflies by their:
-toxicity
-fake eggs (larvae are cannibals)
-Pashion vines mimic each other
-toxicity
-fake eggs (larvae are cannibals)
-Pashion vines mimic each other
Mantises have Metamorphosis, mouthparts, and their eggs are laid in an .
Incomplete
chewing
ootheca
chewing
ootheca
Why do female Mantids eat their mates (2 theories)? Why is this hard?
1. It releases male "inhibitions" and sperm
2. Provides female with nutrients
Why is it hard?
Male is smaller and hard to eat while mating.
2. Provides female with nutrients
Why is it hard?
Male is smaller and hard to eat while mating.
To what Order do Walking Sticks belong? What does the order mean***?
Phasmida meaning apparition.
The order Phasmida is recognized by:
1. Metamorphosis.
2. mouthparts.
3. An organism from Phasmida can to escape a predator.
1. Metamorphosis.
2. mouthparts.
3. An organism from Phasmida can to escape a predator.
1. Incomplete
2. Chewing
3. Lose a leg
2. Chewing
3. Lose a leg
Besides looking like a leaf or twig, what 3 things do caterpillars do to disguise their eating of a leaf?
1. Eat around the edge
2. Hides behind leaf
3. Clips leaf after done eating
2. Hides behind leaf
3. Clips leaf after done eating
What was done to arrows in the African desert?
Toxic beetle pupae dug from soil and squished on the tips of arrows
What did young men from the Kayapo people do ceremonially? Why?
They hit large wasp nests to acquire power from the Universe. The wasp nest is symbolic of the universe.
Who wrote Why Not Eat Insects in the late 19th century? What are the healthy benefits of eating insects?
Vincent Holt
Benefits:
-Protein
-Fat
-Vitamins (A and D)
Benefits:
-Protein
-Fat
-Vitamins (A and D)
What insects do Aborigines eat? What are they called?
Beetle Larvae called Whitchedy Grubs.
In New Guinea, the Sago Palm provides what two things?
1. Starch
2. Protein from the larvae of the Capricorn Beetle***
2. Protein from the larvae of the Capricorn Beetle***
Botswana is known for its charcoal grilled 1 . Thailand is known for its steamed bamboo 2 , 3 , and steamed 4 5 .
1. caterpillars
2. worms
3. waterbugs
4 & 5. hornet grubs
2. worms
3. waterbugs
4 & 5. hornet grubs
At the Atlanta Olympics, Chinese female runners ate what two insects?
1. Winter bugs
2. Summer grass caterpillar with fungus
2. Summer grass caterpillar with fungus
In 1995, who survived by eating insects after being shot down in Bosnia?
Scott O' Grady
What does this short jingle refer to?
Ring around the rosies, A picket full of posies
Ashes, ashes, We all fall down
Ring around the rosies, A picket full of posies
Ashes, ashes, We all fall down
Bubonic Plague
Who wrote the World's Shortest Poem? What is it called? Recite it.
Ogden Nash wrote Fleas.
Adam had 'em
Adam had 'em
Robert Frost wrote three poems that had to do with four insects. What are the three poems and four insects?
1. Fireflies in the Garden (fireflies)
2. Design (spider and moths)
3. Departmental (ants)
2. Design (spider and moths)
3. Departmental (ants)
Who writes the cartoon Far Side? Where did he take Entomology class?
Gary Larson
Washington State University
Washington State University
Who wrote the orchestral interlude Flight of the Bumblebee? What song does Mariah Carey sing using the symbolism of a certain insect?
Rimsky Korsakov
Butterfly
Butterfly
What is the "greatest insect movie" according to our professor? What is the basic plot?
Them (1954)
Giant ants mutated by H-bomb testing invade Los Angeles sewers.
Giant ants mutated by H-bomb testing invade Los Angeles sewers.
For what five things are insects helpful as forensic indicators?
1. estimate time of death
2. assess death scene
3. corpse transport or relocation
4. injury prior to death
5. drug testing
2. assess death scene
3. corpse transport or relocation
4. injury prior to death
5. drug testing
What insect is used to estimate how long a person has been dead? During what interval is it most accurate?
Blow Fly
first 30 days
first 30 days
Why is the Blow Fly a good indicator of how long a body has been dead (2 reasons)? Development of a Blow Fly is dependent on what?
1. Blow Flies are the first to arrive at corpse
2. Succession of insects is predictable
Temperature dependent
2. Succession of insects is predictable
Temperature dependent
What is a Maggot Mass?
A large group of Blow Fly Larvae that live in the flesh of a dead animal and maintain high temperatures
How can a Forensic Entomologist tell if a corpse has been relocated (2 ways)?
1. few insects in soil beneath body
2. insects in body are foreign
2. insects in body are foreign
How were the parents of a young child prosecuted for abuse and neglect in a case study discussed in class?
Areas around where a diaper is had fly maggots with a larval age of 5 days. This proved that the diapers hadn't been changed in at least 5 days.
What happened in the case study in Chicago?
A woman is raped by a man in a ski mask. The mask is found in his apartment, but the suspect said the mask had not been worn. Burrs and Caterpillars were found at the crime scene and on the mask, which proved that the mask had been outside in the last 6 months.
Ticks and Mites belong to which class and subclass? What type of metamorphosis do they have?
Class: Arachnida
Subclass: Acari ***
Incomplete metamorphosis
Subclass: Acari ***
Incomplete metamorphosis
What happened in the Oregon case study discussed in class?
A rifle is fired at a party and a neighbor is killed. The body is found one month later and insects help determine the time of death.
How many main body parts do Ticks and Mites have? How many legs do they usually have?
2 body parts with no division
usually have 8 legs
usually have 8 legs
Which victims do Ticks parasitize and which do Mites parasitize?
Mammals, All Animals, Reptiles, Birds, Plants
Mammals, All Animals, Reptiles, Birds, Plants
Ticks:
-Mammals
-Birds
-Reptiles
Mites:
-All Animals
-Plants
-Mammals
-Birds
-Reptiles
Mites:
-All Animals
-Plants
Where does Lyme Disease get its name? What is its vector***? What is its disease agent? Where is it most prevalent?
Old Lyme, Connecticut
Deer tick***
the bacterium Borelia
Deer tick***
the bacterium Borelia
How does Lyme Disease spread? What are the short-term and long-term symptoms? With what can it be treated?
Ticks feed on infected mice. The bacteria multiply in the tick, then the tick feeds on man.
Short-term Symptoms
-circular rash
-flu-like illness
Long-term Symptoms
-Arthritis
-heart/nerve problems
Can be treated with Antibiotics.
Short-term Symptoms
-circular rash
-flu-like illness
Long-term Symptoms
-Arthritis
-heart/nerve problems
Can be treated with Antibiotics.
During what stage of its metamorphosis is the Deer Tick usually a vector? How many are infected?
Nymph
1/3 infected
1/3 infected
When removing a tick from skin, where do you want to grasp it?
Grasp the tick where it enters the skin
Why is there more Lyme Disease two years after Oak trees produce a more than usual amount of acorns?
A large supply of acorns means more mice and more tick nymphs, so Lime Disease increases.
What is the vector of the Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? What is its disease agent?
Vector: Dog Tick
Disease Agent is a bacterium called Rickettsia.
Disease Agent is a bacterium called Rickettsia.
From which two general locations can Scorpion species kill a human?
North African and Middle Eastern species
During mating, the Male Scorpion deposits sperm on a . He then pulls the female over it.
Stalk
To what class and subclass do Spiders belong***?
Class: Arachnida
Subclass: Araneae***
Subclass: Araneae***
What does the Bolas Spider do to attract and catch prey?
It makes a ball with mucous with a moth sex pheromone.
The Large Jawed Spider transfers sperm to what before he transfers it to his palps?
"a special web"
What does the Jumping Spider do to attract a mate?
Puts her in a trance with front leg movements (mating dance)
How does the Net Casting Spider "talk" to a female? How many mates can females and males have?
by strumming on web
Females have one, but store the sperm. Males can mate many times.
Females have one, but store the sperm. Males can mate many times.
How does a male St. Andrews Cross Spider identify himself to a female? Why is mating risky?
by plucking on the web
The male may be eaten by the female because she is much larger.
The male may be eaten by the female because she is much larger.
The Orb Weaver Spider does what to its web to keep birds from flying through it? What is this called? How do birds use it?
Zig-zag cross strands in a web called Stabilimentum are created.
Birds may use Stabilimentum for silk in their nests.
Birds may use Stabilimentum for silk in their nests.
What is special about a Tarantula's hair?
It is barbed and toxic. They can throw hair at predators.
Spider Venom contains:
1. Toxins that affect the .
2.Enzymes that degrade .
1. Toxins that affect the .
2.Enzymes that degrade .
nervous system
tissue
tissue
What physical feature is characteristic of the Black Widow Spider? What does its venom do?
Red hourglass on abdomen
causes muscles to cramp; it circulates in the blood
causes muscles to cramp; it circulates in the blood
A bite from a Black Widow Spider may cause nausea, profuse sweating, slurred speech, rigid body, and general pain peaking at about minutes. Doctors commonly misdiagnose the bite as . Their venom is 30x more toxic than a rattlesnake's.
30 minutes
Apendicitis
Apendicitis
The Brown Recluse is known for what physical feature? What does its bite do the skin?
a "Violin" shape on the cephalothorax
it causes sever skin necrosis
it causes sever skin necrosis
Silkworm 1 (stage) make a 2 of silk. They feed on the 3 plant. Silk is a 4 (organic compound) with 5 (size) amino acids.
1. Larvae
2. cocoon
3. Mulberry
4. protein
5. small
2. cocoon
3. Mulberry
4. protein
5. small
Silk was produced in Georgia in which two centuries? What insect was imported from New England to make "better" silk?
17th and 18th centuries
Gypsy moth
Gypsy moth
Silkworm larvae become 1 times heavier after eating. 2 pounds of leaves yields 1 pound of silk.
1. 12,000
2. 220
2. 220
Who cloned the spider silk gene, useful in sutures, bandages, parachutes, clothes, and canoes?
Randy Lewis
Ants, bees, and wasps belong to which order? What does the order's name mean?
Hymenoptera
hymeno meaning god of marriage
ptera meaing wings
hymeno meaning god of marriage
ptera meaing wings
The order Hymenoptera has (Complete/Incomplete) metamorphosis and have mouthparts.
Complete
chewing
chewing
In the class Hymenoptera, the female selects the sex of the young. If she fertilizes, the young is . If she does not fertilize, the opposite is true.
female
T/F: Hymenoptera is the most beneficial order.
T/F: Hymenoptera have two pair of wings that beat as one.
T/F: Hymenoptera have two pair of wings that beat as one.
True
True
True
T/F: The Velvet ant is winged with camouflaged colors.
False - wingless and brightly colored
Female Mud Dauber Wasps build a nest with mud then put paralyzed live A in the nest. It then lays B (#) egg/s per cell. The male guards the nest.
A. spiders
B. one
B. one
What "Three level interactions" of parasitoids exist?
(Note: I'm not exactly sure what this means)
(Note: I'm not exactly sure what this means)
1. Herbivore
2. Plant
3. Parasitoid
2. Plant
3. Parasitoid
What is the interaction between Bark Beetles and trees?
Bark Beetles infest trees carrying fungus. The fungus modifies tree terpenes attracting more beetles and parasitoid wasps.
What did Joe Lewis find Parasitoid wasps are attracted to? There is money in teaching wasps to do what?
They are attracted to plant damage signals (cut grass smell).
Teach wasps to find a specific crop.
Teach wasps to find a specific crop.
How does the Solitary Bee provide for its young?
1. It digs a nest and collects pollen
2. It marks the nest with a chemical scent
3. It lays its eggs and the larva eat the pollen
2. It marks the nest with a chemical scent
3. It lays its eggs and the larva eat the pollen
Carpenter Bees lay the largest egg of any insect. Why are female egg cells larger than male egg cells?
The daughters reuse the nest.
How does the Blueberry bee collect pollen differently from other bees? What is it called?
Blueberry bees use a long tongue to collect nectar; other bees cut the flower and rob the nectar.
This is called "buzzing".
This is called "buzzing".
When a new Queen bee is being raised, it is fed "Royal Jelly". What does the new queen do to rival queens?
It kills them
Male Drone bees are the result of what? When the male drones mate, their penis breaks off and they die.
an unfertilized egg
Worker bees are 1 (sex) and produce 2 to cover honey cells. They can produce an alarm pheromone and leave the colony to collect 3 .
1. female
2. wax
3. nectar or pollen
2. wax
3. nectar or pollen
What three things can a Honey Bee dance tell the colony?
1. Direction of flowers
2. Distance
3. Sample of nectar
2. Distance
3. Sample of nectar
Bees are known to be altruistic. How does this apply to their behavior?
Self-destructive behavior can be performed for the benefit of others.
ON EXAM: Africanized bees were brought to in 1965. They are very aggressive and have traveled up to the Western US in recent years.
Brazil
A % of all plants are pollinated by insects. The male sex organ of a flower is the B and the female sex organ is the C .
A. 70%
B. Anthers
C. Stigma
B. Anthers
C. Stigma
ON EXAM: Describe the relationship between the Hammer Orchid and the Solitary Wasp.
The Hammer Orchid is shaped like a female wasp and smells like the female wasp pheromone.
The male tries to mate with the flower and in doing so, gets bathed in pollen. It then goes on to pollinate the next orchid.
The male tries to mate with the flower and in doing so, gets bathed in pollen. It then goes on to pollinate the next orchid.
What type of insect does the Lily attract? What does it smell and look like?
It attracts the Blow Fly and smells/looks like a corpse.
What 3 social wasps exist in Georgia and where are their nests?
Yellow jackets - nest in ground
Hornets - closed nest
Paper wasps = open nest Polistes
(Note: I think "Polistes" is the genus name of the Paper wasp)
Hornets - closed nest
Paper wasps = open nest Polistes
(Note: I think "Polistes" is the genus name of the Paper wasp)
What is the composition of a Paper Wasp's nest***?
Paper - plant fiber
and
Glue - protein from saliva
and
Glue - protein from saliva
How do wasps defend their nest against ants?
With "Funeral Compounds". Ants with these acids are carried to the graveyard.
Only social wasps that are 1 (sex) can sting. The stinger is a modified 2 .
1. Female
2. Ovipositor
2. Ovipositor
What two hornets exist in Georgia? What are their nests categorized as?
1. Baldfaced Hornet - bag nest***
2. European Hornet - hidden nest
2. European Hornet - hidden nest
What Family and Genus are Fire Ants? What two species are there?
Family: Formicidae
Genus: Solenopsis
Red and Black Fire ants
Genus: Solenopsis
Red and Black Fire ants
Venom in Fire Ants is made up of 1 *.
4th 2 larvae eat solids*.
4th 2 larvae eat solids*.
1. Alkaloids
2. Instar (a phase between two periods of molting)
2. Instar (a phase between two periods of molting)
What do reproductive male and female Fire Ants have that their sterile counterparts don't?
Wings
How many chemicals can control a Fire Ant population?
What are the three Biological controls for Fire Ants? Which is the most promising***?
What are the three Biological controls for Fire Ants? Which is the most promising***?
There are 8,000 chemicals that can control Fire Ants.
Biological Controls:
1. Nematodes
2. Fire Ant pheromone as bait
3. Parasitoid Fly eats the Fire Ants' heads (most promising)
Biological Controls:
1. Nematodes
2. Fire Ant pheromone as bait
3. Parasitoid Fly eats the Fire Ants' heads (most promising)
What is "the exchange of liquid between the members of a colony" called?
Trophallaxis
How long do ant colonies live? How many times does the Queen mate?
2-18 years
Queen mates once.
Queen mates once.
What is the symbiosis between Weaver ants (?) and Caterpillar?
The caterpillar secretes fluid for ants and the ants protect the caterpillar. The caterpillar produces sound to attract ants.
What is characteristic or Army ants? How do the workers interact?
Army ants are nomads from S. and Central America.
Workers link together with leg hooks and are blind or have poor eyesight.
Workers link together with leg hooks and are blind or have poor eyesight.
Why do Leaf Cutter Ants cut leaves? What is another name for LCA?
They carry leaves back to the nest and feed on the fungus that grows on them.
AKA: Parasol Ants
AKA: Parasol Ants
What is the relationship between the Cecropia tree and Azteca ants?
Tree provides "sugar packets" for ant larvae. Ants protect and live in tree.
Kartensatzinfo:
Autor: savhighsmith
Oberthema: Biology
Thema: Entomology
Schule / Uni: UGA
Ort: Athens
Veröffentlicht: 02.05.2010
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