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Hierarchy

• Advantages:
- Easy to establish
- Flexible with regard to tasks
• Disadvantages:
- Cost intensive
- Leads to many levels
- Increases rigidity

Self-coordination

• Always present
• Can be supported through establishment of teams (committees, groups, etc.)
• Advantages: increase in flexibility and creativity, self-commitment
• Possible disadvantages: groups are often time-consuming
• Remedy: rules, training

Programs (Standard Operating Procedures)

• Often listed in handbooks, intranet
• More or less detailed and more or less flexible
• Functions: relieve of hierarchy, reduction of information, uncertainty absorption, independence from persons, reduction of qualification
requirements
• Possible disadvantages: increase of inertia
• Remedy: permanent change service

Planning