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Alle Oberthemen / Physik / Bilingual D-En

BILI - Physik (35 Karten)

Sag Danke
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elektrische Ladung
electric charge

positive charge:
- protons (atomic nucleus)
- (kat-) ions (ionized metal, ionized hydrogen, ionized gases... )

negative charge:
- electrons (atomic envelope)
- (an-) ions (remaining acid ions, ...)

force of repulsion between like charges
force of attraction between different charges

elementary charge, charge of an electron

Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Ladung, Spannung, Strom
Quelle: www.dict.cc
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beschleunigte Bewegung
accelerated motion

constantly accelerated motion:



Tags: Bewegung, Dynamik, Kinematik, Mechanik
Quelle:
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gleichförmige Bewegung
uniform motion




Tags: Bewegung, Kinematik, Mechanik
Quelle:
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Wurfbewegung
projectile motion
projection


Tags: Bewegung, Dynamik, Kinematik, Mechanik
Quelle:
5
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Kraft
force
directed quantity = vector
(draw an arrow with point of force + value + direction)


symbol:

Newton's law:
Hooke's law:    (linear-elastic materials)

gravity:


electrostatics:

Tags: Elektrizitätslehre, Größen, Mechanik
Quelle:
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Energie
energy

- a scalar physical quantity
- the ability to perform work, to take off heat or to emit light

symbol: E
unit: 1 Joule
symbol:


other units that also used:
electron volt: 1 eV = 1,602 * J
kilowatt hour: 1 kWh = 3,6 MJ
calorie :
1 cal = 4,2 J (small or gram calorie)
1 kcal = 1 Cal = 4,2 kJ (large / kilogram or food calorie)


Tags: Elektrizitätslehre, Größen, Kernphysik, Mechanik, Thermodynamik
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy
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Energieformen
forms of energy

potentielle Energie potential energy
kinetische Energie kinetical energy
elektrische Energie electric energy, power
Wärmeenergie heat / thermal / caloric energy
chemische Energie chemical energy
Kernenergie nuclear energy
Strahlungsenergie radiant energy
zugeführte Energie input energy
gespeicherte Energie stored energy
Nutzenergie useful energy
gebundene Energie latent energy
Bindungsenergiebinding energy
Tags: Elektrizitätslehre, Kernphysik, Mechanik, Thermodynamik
Quelle:
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Leistung
power

the rate at which work is performed or energy is converted
Electric power: the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by a circuit

symbol: P
unit: 1 Watt 
symbol:


formula:
Tags: Elektrik, Größen, Mechanik, Thermodynamik
Quelle:
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Arbeit
work

mechanical work: the amount of energy transferred by a force
thermodynamics:  the quantity of energy transferred from one system to another

symbol: W
unit: 1 Joule
symbol:

formula:
Tags: Dynamik, Größen, Kinematik, Mechanik, Thermodynamik
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work
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Elektrizität
Electricity

Electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields.
Electric current: a movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in amperes.
Electric field: an influence produced by an electric charge on other charges in its vicinity.
Electric potential: the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electric charge, typically measured in volts.
Electromagnetism: a fundamental interaction between the magnetic field and the presence and motion of an electric charge.
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Ladung, Spannung, Strom
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity
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Geschwindigkeit
velocity (the rate of change of the position of one object)

speed (magnitude of velocity)

symbol: v
formula:

unit:


speed of light (the maximum speed in the universe)
symbol: c
value:     c = 299 792 458

real animation: Speed_of_light_from_Earth_to_Moon
Tags: Dynamik, Kinematik, Licht, Mechanik, Optik
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_speed
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Beschleunigung
accelaration
(the rate of change of velocity with time)

symbol: a
formula:
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Lichtgeschwindigkeit
speed of light
light speed


symbol: c
Value in vacuum:
c = 299,792,458 metres per second = 1 Planck unit
(Sunlight takes about 8 minutes, 19 seconds to reach Earth, but, due to refraction, scattering, gravity and so on, about 100000 years to reach the surface of the sun from it's core)

- the maximum speed in the universe
- a constant of nature
- in a medium reduces the speed of light
- different types of light wave will travel at different speeds.


Approximate values:
300,000 kilometres per second        
1,079 million kilometres per hour        
186,000 miles per second                
671 million miles per hour                
173 astronomical units per day


real animation: Speed_of_light_from_Earth_to_Moon

Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Licht, Optik, Relativitätstheorie
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_speed
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Ladungstrennung
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Ladung, Spannung
Quelle: www.dict.cc
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Influenz
electrostatic induction
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Ladung, Spannung
Quelle:
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Polarisation
polarisation

orientation of permanent dipoles
(polarisation voltage)

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Spannungsquelle
voltage source

DC:
cell
battery (3 or more cells in series connection)
accumulator = rechargeable battery or storage battery

AC:
alternating current generator (AC generator)
power supply unit
power transformer
power adaptor

Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle: www.dict.cc, www.wikipedia.org
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Baulement
device or
component



Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Stromkreis
Quelle: www.dict.cc
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elektrischer Stromkreis
electric circuit
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle: www.dict.cc
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Reihenschaltung
series circuit
series connection


I = constant
U = U1 + U2 + ...
R = R1 + R2 + ...
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle: www.dict.cc
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Parallelschaltung
shunt circuit
parallel circuit
parallel connection


U = constant

I = I1 + I2 + ...



Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Spannung, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle: www.dict.cc
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elektrischer Strom
electric current

a flow of electric charge (a phenomenon)
- in metals (electrons)
- in liquids (ions)
- in gases (electrons and ions)
- in vacuum (electrons or other charged particles)


Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Größen, Strom
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current
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Gleichstrom
direct current (DC)

Types of direct current:
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Spannung, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current
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Gleichrichtung
rectification

converter of AC to DC
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Spannung, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle:
25
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Wechselstrom
alternating current (AC)

waveforms:
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Spannung, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveforms
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Netzspannung
line voltage

World Map of supply voltages and frequencies:
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Spannung, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_voltage
27
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Stromstärke
current
(strength of electric current)


Def.: physival value - means the rate of flow of electric charge through the surface of the conductor (a quantity)
symbol: I
unit: ampère (the rate of one coulomb per second)
symbol: 1 A
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Größen, Strom
Quelle: www.dict.cc, www.wikipedia.org
28
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elektrische Spannung
voltage
(electrical potential)


Def: physical value (quantity) for galvanic separation
symbol: U
unit: volt
symbol: 1V


(see also: galvanic separation)
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Größen, Strom
Quelle: www.dict.cc
29
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Strommesser
ammeter
  • measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a electric circuit
  • always in series connection to the component
  • is shown as a circle with the letter A (Ampére) inside

Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle: www.dict.cc, www.wikipedia.org
30
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Spannungsmesser
voltmeter
  • measuring instrument used for measuring the electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit
  • in parallel connection to the component
  • is shown as a circle with the letter V (Volt) inside

Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Spannung, Strom, Stromkreis
Quelle: www.wikipedia.org
31
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(elektrischer) Widerstand
resistor (device)
resistance (value)

reluctance (magnetical resistance)
inductance (resistance of an inductor in alternating current = AC)

Def.: physical value, how strong the electric current is restricted
symbol: R
unit:      1 (Ohm)
symbol and basic units:
             
formula:
             

Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Größen, Strom
Quelle: www.dict.cc
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Ionisation
ionisation

physical process of converting an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing charged particles such as electrons or other ions
33
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Wärmewirkung
thermal effect

Heat generated by friction of the moving electrons to the lattice elements (atoms, ions or molecules).

Examples: Stove, dryer, window heater
34
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chemische Wirkung
chemical effect

Separation (in ions and/or electrons) or formation of new elements (of ions and electrons)
35
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spezifischer elektrischer Widerstand
resistivity
(specific electrical resistance or volume resistivity)

Def: measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current
symbol: ("Rho")

unit:
         
      
or   
Tags: Elektrik, Elektrizitätslehre, Größen, Strom
Quelle: www.dict.cc
Kartensatzinfo:
Autor: schorai
Oberthema: Physik
Thema: Bilingual D-En
Ort: Schwerin
Veröffentlicht: 06.11.2010
Tags: Sek I
 
Schlagwörter Karten:
Alle Karten (35)
Bewegung (3)
Dynamik (4)
Elektrik (22)
Elektrizitätslehre (24)
Größen (9)
Kernphysik (2)
Kinematik (5)
Ladung (4)
Licht (2)
Mechanik (9)
Optik (2)
Relativitätstheorie (1)
Spannung (10)
Strom (17)
Stromkreis (11)
Thermodynamik (4)
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