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Attributionsprozess
Kovariation und kausale Schemata (Harold Kelley)
Abwertungs- und Aufwertungsprinzip

Schlussfolgerungen auf der Basis kausaler Schemata werden durch die Anwendung abstrakter Attributionsprinzipien unterstützt

Abwertungsprinzip: Auf der Grundlage ihres Vorwissens neigen Menschen beispielsweise dazu, einer plausiblen Ursache für das Auftreten eines bestimmten Effekts weniger Gewicht beizumessen, wenn gleichzeitig andere plausible Ursachen für den Effekt ebenfalls gegeben sind, als wenn sie allein vorhanden wäre.

Ein Prüfer würde dementsprechend das Prüfungsversagen eines Prüflings, weniger auf dessen mangelnde Begabung zurückführen, wenn er weiß, dass dieser sich gerade von seiner Freundin getrennt hat, als wenn ihm diese alternative Ursachenerklärung nicht bekannt ist.

Aufwertungsprinzip: Faktoren, die gegen das Auftreten eines Effekts wirken, verleiten Menschen hingegen dazu, einer plausiblen förderlichen Ursache für eine Handlung eine stärkere Wirkung zuzuschreiben, als wenn diese Ursache alleine vorliegt.

Wenn der Prüfer um die privaten Probleme des Prüflings weiß, würde er dementsprechend vermutlich im Fall einer erfolgreichen Prüfungsleistung eher dazu tendieren, auf eine besondere Begabung des Prüflings zu schließen, als er dies ohne das Wissen um diesen hemmen-den Faktor getan hätte.

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Flashcard info:

Author: Lise Langstrumpf

Main topic: 3407

Topic: Attribution

School / Univ.: FU Hagen

Published: 13.12.2014

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