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the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a way of sub-dividing a communications system into smaller parts called layers

Layer 1 =  Physical

Media, signal and binary transmission

Layer 2 =   Data Link

Physical addressing

Layer 3 =   Network

Path determination and logical addressing

Layer 4 =   Transport                         

End-to-end connections and reliability, Flow Control

Layer 5 =   Session

Interhost Communication

Layer 6 =   Presentation

Data representation, encryption and decryption, convert machine dependent data to machine independent data

Layer 7 =   Application

Network Process to application

Layer 1 =  Physical

Layer 2 =   Data Link

Layer 3 =   Network

Layer 4 =   Transport                         

Layer 5 =   Session

Layer 6 =   Presentation

Layer 7 =   Application

It defines the relationship between a device and a Transmission (Optical, Copper Cable)

-        provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data
         between network entities and to detect and possibly correct
         errors that may occur in the Physical Layer

-       Assignees an address to devices.

-      procedural means to transfer data between network entities
       (At least least two or more devices).

-      Local area network architecture, which included
        broadcast-capable multiaccess media

-      It only has error detection, not flow control.

-       provides the functional and procedural means of transferring
        variable length data sequences from a source to a destination
        via one or more networks

-       It has 3 sub-layers
              o1.Subnetwork Access,
              o2.Subnetwork Dependent Convergence
              o3.Subnetwork Independent Convergence

-       provides transparent transfer of data between end users,
        providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers

-       controls the reliability of a given link through flow control,
        segmentation/desegmentation, and error control

-        controls the dialogues (connections) between computers

-       It establishes, manages and terminates the connections
        between the local and remote application.

-       provides for full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex operation

-        establishes context between Application Layer entities

-       provides independence from data representation (e.g.,
        encryption) by translating between application and network
        formats

-      The OSI layer closest to the end user, which means that both the
       OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the
       software/application

-       Its functions typically include identifying communication partners,
        determining resource availability, and synchronizing
        communication