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Entomology Exam 2 (111 Cards)

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What is the Order of Cockroaches? What type of metamorphosis do they have? What type of mouthparts?

Blattodea

Incomplete Metamorphosis

Chewing mouthparts

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Where do Cockroaches lay their eggs? What is it called?

In an egg case called Ootheca

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How do cockroaches defend themselves against pest control? 4 steps...

1. Smell bait at a distance
2. Touch bait with antennae
3. Touch bait with hairs on mouthparts
4. Chew/taste bait

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_ evolved from cockroaches. How are cockroach's able to digest what (blank) is known for eating? How is this passed on to offspring?

Termites

Protozoans to digest cellulose

Protozoans are passed on to babies via feces

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What are the three steps to Cockroach mating? How many broods can a female have and how many eggs are in each?

1. Male strokes female's antennae to identify her
2. Male offers a food gift to her
3. Mate end to end

7 broods with 40 eggs in each Ootheca

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How do nymphs burst the Ootheca?

by gulping air

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To what order to Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Locusts belong? What type of metamorphosis? What type of mouthparts?

Orthoptera

Incomplete metamorphosis

Chewing mouthparts

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T/F Males are the only grasshoppers/locusts/crickets to produce sound.

True

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T/F: More chirps/ second means a higher temperature.

True

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What are the three reasons Crickets/grasshoppers/locusts chirp?

1. Warn of predators
2. Call a female
3. Establish territory

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How is a chirp produced by Crickets/grasshoppers/locusts? Why does this create a chirp?

By either rubbing a wing against a wing or a leg against a wing. This creates a chirp b/c of bumps and ridges on the legs and wings.

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T/F: Grasshoppers/Crickets/Locusts mate at night only.

True

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The Lubber Grasshopper is Aposematic and emits from its mouth and thorax.

Noxious foam

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How did locusts get to the Americas? Where did they come from?

They blew/flew from Africa.

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T/F: Locusts are the number 1 insect pest in the world.

True

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What are the two phases of locusts? How is the second phase stimulated?

Solitary and Gregarious

stimulation of hairs on their back legs causes swarming

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Swarm may cover XXX square miles and have XX billion insects.

500; 50 billion

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T/F: Locust routes cannot be predicted.

False - wind and sun can be used to predict their route.

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What is the order of Beetles and Weevils? What does it mean?

Coleoptera

coleo meaning sheath
ptera meaning wings

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What type of metamorphosis do Beetles and Weevils have? What mouthparts?

Complete Metamorphosis

chewing mouthparts

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T/F: Coleoptera is the largest insect order.

True

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T/F: Ladybugs eat and kill aphids.

True

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Do males or female Fireflies flash first? Does each species have a unique flash pattern?

Males - female flashes response; yes

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T/F: Male and female Fireflies have the same flash patterns.

False - they have different flash patterns

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What do fireflies use to produce light? What does it require to light up? What percentage of energy is light?

Luciferin

Oxygen

98%

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To what order to Butterflies and Moths belong? What does it mean?

Lepidoptera

Lepido meaning scale
ptera meaning wings

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Butterflies and Moths of the order have Incomplete/Complete Metamorphosis. Their wings have modified hairs which act as scales.

Lepidoptera

Complete

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T/F: Lepidoptera have the greatest color variation.

True

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Lepidoptera larvae are leaf eating machines. They must mold (blank) times. They have a (hard/soft) cuticle.

4-5; soft

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What three defense to Lepidoptera Larvae have?

1) camouflage
2) aposematic
3) toxic spines

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What two categories do Lepidoptera larvae fall into with relation to their eating habits?

Generalist - eat many plant species

Specialist - eat only one (or a few) plant species

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What is the ratio of Butterflies to Moth species? How many of species are there for both?

1:9

20,000:180,000

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What is Dan Janzen's goal? What two things did he find?

To identify all the moths of Costa Rica

1) moth scales cause allergies
2) helped define the size of a successful biodiversity park

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What are the 3 steps to mating for the Florida Queen Butterfly? What does the male use to dust the female in pheromones?

1) finds mate with sex pheromone
2) courtship dance
3) mate

"hair pensils"

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Monarch butterflies sequester toxic alkaloids called (blank). The alkaloids are ingested from (blank)

Cardenolides

Milkweed

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Where do Monarch butterflies overwinter? How many are there?

Mexico

200 million

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The Mexican holiday involving Monarch butterflies represents the (blank)

The return of people who died during the year

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Who is the best boyfriend in the world?

THIS guy :)

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What is the Plant coevolutionary arms race? (3 steps)

1. Plant produces toxin
2. Insect adapts to toxin
3. Plant makes more powerful toxin

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What are three plant defenses against herbivores?

1. Silicon oxide in plants (like eating glass)
2. Proteinase inhibitors (animals can't digest food)
3. toxic compounds

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These are hairs that exist on plants. They may be sticky, have spines/hooks, and may produce toxins

trichomes

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What 3 things does a plant do when it is injured?

1. limit water loss
2. prevent fungal/bacterial infection
3. deter herbivores

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A plant may produce toxic compounds, exude sap or gum, or form a gall if it is ___.

wounded

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Carnivorous plants exist primarily in habitats ___.

with low nutrients

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What are characteristic of a Sundew's leaves? What do they do?

the leaves are sticky

they curl on insects

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What triggers a Venus Fly trap to close?

triggers hairs than send an electrical signal

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Venus Fly traps are ONLY found in the wetlands of here and here.

NC and SC

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These are the only aquatic carnivorous plants. How fast is an insect sucked into it?

Bladderworts

1/1000th of a second

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To which order does the dung beetle belong? What feeds on them? What does the dung beetle's predator secrete that is useful to humans? How is it useful?

Coleoptera

Civet cat

Civetone

used in perfumes

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What do dung beetles make dung balls? Do they have complete or incomplete metamorphosis?

to insert their eggs

Complete

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What happened in Australia with cows?

too much dung

had to import dung beetles

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The stone beetle, more commonly known as the (blank), was the symbol of the Sun God Ra and the symbol of the soul in ancient Egypt. It is said that this beetle's metamorphosis could have inspired the pyramids' creation.

Scarab

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The Blister Beetle is also know as the (blank). It produces a toxin called *(blank)*. It was used as a (blank) and a (blank) until it was found to cause deterioration of the mucous linings in the body.

Spanish Fly

Cantharidin

medicine

aphrodisiac

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What is the specialized mouthpart of the acorn weevil? What is it for?

a long snout for drilling into acorns to oviposit

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Why is a Whirligig beetle given its name? What is special about its eyes?

a WGB spins to create waves that bounce back when they hit food

it has divided eyes so it can see above and below water

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What is the order that means "two wings?" What is its common name? About how many species are there?

Diptera

Flies/mosquitos

90,000

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Diptera has what type of Metamorphosis and what mouthparts?

Complete

Piercing/sucking or just sucking

58
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T/F: Diptera is known as the most harmful order.

True - many members cause disease

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Instead of hind wings, Diptera insects have this.

Halteres - stabilizers

60
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What are the best insect fliers?

flies

61
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How does a housefly eat? (3 steps)

1. it regurgitates on food
2. enzymes soften food
3. use sponging mouthparts

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T/F: House flies see poorly.

False

63
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How do House flies taste food? What type of mouthparts do they have?

with leg hairs

sponging mouthparts

64
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How can a House fly walk on the ceiling?

oily foot hairs

65
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How can maggots help prevent amputations in people with poor circulation?

they eat flesh!

66
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1) What is the vector of the African Sleeping Sickness?
2) What is the disease caused by? 3) What is its scientific name?

1) Tsetse fly

2) Protozoans

3) Trypanosoma

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What is the "Guardian of Africa"?

Tsetse fly

68
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T/F: The Tsetse fly does not lay eggs.

True - the eggs hatch inside the fly and the larva matures before it is born

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After the larva of a Tsetse fly is born, it ___ and pupates.

burrows into soil

70
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T/F: The Tsetse fly can produce only 4 larvae.

False - 8 larvae

71
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What is the order of Mosquitos?

Diptera

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What is the 4 part life cycle of a Mosquito.
1. Eggs laid in or near water
2. ...

1. Eggs laid in or near water
2. aquatic larvae
3. aquatic pupae
4. swarm mating

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How long do adult mosquitos live for?

1-3 weeks

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Male Mosquitos feed on (blank) while females feed on (blank).

flowers

blood meal

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How do mosquito larvae breathe? Why do they have to breathe this way?

siphon tube

they are aquatic

76
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x/6th of humans have an insect vectored disease. has killed more people than any other disease.

X=1

Malaria

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Who showed the mosquitoes vector malaria?

Ronal Ross

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Who showed that mosquitoes vector Yellow fever?

Walter Reed

79
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The order Diptera has which two mouthparts?

1. Piercing/sucking

2. Sponging

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What is the male Mosquito aphrodisiac? What attracts female mosquitos to their victims?

Male - female wing-beat (sound)

CO2 emitted from host

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What is the Genus name of the mosquito that vectors Yellow fever?

Aedes

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What is the Genus name of the mosquito that vectors Malaria?

Anopheles

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T/F: There is no effective treatment for Yellow fever. The disease is a virus.

True

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T/F: Malaria is a virus.

False - Protozoans are to blame

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What is the genus name of Malaria?

Plasmodium

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T/F: Malaria has no effective drug treatments.

False

87
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How many people die from Malaria per year?

2 Million

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How does Malaria spread? (4 steps)

1. Mosquito feeds on infected host
2. Plasmodium mates in mosquito's stomach
3. Plasmodium moves to mosquito's salivary glands
4. Mosquito feeds on new host

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How does Malaria effect its host? (4 steps)

1. Plasmodium moves to host's liver
2. Plasmodium attacks host's red blood cells
3. Host's red blood cells rupture
4. Cycle repeats in host at 24, 48, and 96 hours

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T/F: The head of a female mosquito is necessary for its eggs to develop.

True

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A mutation in (blank) causes a natural resistance to Malaria. People with one copy of the gene survive Malaria. People with two copies have (blank).

hemoglobin

sickle cell anemia

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What order means roughly "Wingless tube"? What is its common name?

Siphonaptera

fleas

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What type of metamorphosis do fleas in the Siphonaptera order have? What mouthparts?

Complete

Piercing/sucking

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T/F: Only male fleas can suck blood.

False - both sexes can suck blood

95
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A female flea can eat approximately (blank) times her weight per day and lays around (blank) eggs in her life. Eggs hatch in (blank) to (blank) days.

15x

2,000

1 to 10 days

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The larvae of fleas feed on what?

adult flea feces

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Flea larvae spin a well camouflaged (blank).

cocoon

98
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Fleas can live up to 174 days, but this depends heavily on what 2 factors?

1. Temperature

2. Humidity

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What 4 things are fleas attracted to?

1. heat
2. CO2
3. light
4. movement

100
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A flea can jump (blank) times its body length. It can do this because of a rubber band substance called (blank).

200x

Resilin

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To what order do fleas belong?

Siphonaptera

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Who is the world flea expert?

Miriam Rothschild

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What did Miriam Rothschild show in female fleas? (3 things)

1) They react to sex hormones of a pregnant female host.

2) Female flea adjusts her reproductive cycle to match her host's

3) Female flea lays her eggs on babies of the host

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T/F: The Bubonic plague was caused by a virus.

False - bacteria

105
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"Bubo" in "Bubonic Plague" means (blank). The death rate is (blank) %.

swollen lymph glands

75%

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What was the vector of the Bubonic Plague? What is the Genus and species of the plague (IMPORTANT)?

flea

Yersinia pestis

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How does the Bubonic Plague spread? (4 steps)

1. Flea drinks bad blood
2. bacteria spreads in flea gut causing a blockage
3. flea finds new host
4. must regurgitate infection to feed, thus infecting host

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Elephantiasis is vectored by blank . The Disease organisms are blank .

Mosquitos

Roundworms

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The vector for River Blindness is . The disease organisms are .

Black flies

roundworms

110
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How does River Blindness spread to a person? It causes skin and gradual of .

an infected fly transmits larval worms to a person

loose skin

loss of sight

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T/F: There is no effective treatment for River Blindness.

True