Define the following terms: flower, sepals, petals, stamens, pistil.
Flower: shoot bearing sporophylls (stamens, carpels)
Sepals: leaf like, green, protect bud
Petals: leaf like, non green, bright
Stamens: filament + anther
Pistil: 1 or more carpels consisting of stigma + style + ovary
Sepals: leaf like, green, protect bud
Petals: leaf like, non green, bright
Stamens: filament + anther
Pistil: 1 or more carpels consisting of stigma + style + ovary
Tags: angiosperms, flower, petals, pistil, sepals, stamens
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What did sepals evolve from? Petals? Stamens? Carpels?
Sepals: Modified leaves
Petals: modified leaves OR stamens that lost sporangia
Stamens: reduced microsporophylls OR branches with terminal sporangia
Carpels: folded megasporophylls
Petals: modified leaves OR stamens that lost sporangia
Stamens: reduced microsporophylls OR branches with terminal sporangia
Carpels: folded megasporophylls
Tags: angiosperms, evolution, flowers, sepals, stamens
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Describe floral symmetry and ovary positions.
Floral symmetry: Radial, bilateral
Ovary position: superior, inferior
Ovary position: superior, inferior
Tags: floral symetry, ovary position
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What is a "perfect" flower? A pistillate flower? A staminate flower?
Has both male, female parts. I.E: has stamens and pistils
Pistillate: lack stamens (female flower)
Staminate: lack pistils (male flower)
Pistillate: lack stamens (female flower)
Staminate: lack pistils (male flower)
Tags: angiosperms, flowers
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Describe the evolutionary trends of primitive flowers (floral parts, completeness, organ arrangement, ovary position, symmetry):
Floral parts: many, indefinite #
Completeness: complete
Organ arrangement: spiral
Ovary: superior
Symmetry: radial
Completeness: complete
Organ arrangement: spiral
Ovary: superior
Symmetry: radial
Tags: angiosperms, evolution, flowers, trends
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Describe the evolutionary trends of advanced flowers (floral parts, completeness, organ arrangement, ovary position, symmetry):
Floral parts: few, definite #
Completeness: incomplete
Organs: shortened
Ovary: inferior
Symmetry: bilateral
Completeness: incomplete
Organs: shortened
Ovary: inferior
Symmetry: bilateral
Tags: advanced, angiosperms, evolution
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Describe Orchiaceae (species #, pollination, mono/di))
Monocot
24000 species
Complex flowers pollinated by specialist animals.
24000 species
Complex flowers pollinated by specialist animals.
Tags: monocot, orchidaceae
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Describe Asteraceae (species, mono/di, pollination, flower type)
Eudicot
22000 species
2 flower types, grouped into flower-like inflorescences
generalist pollinators
22000 species
2 flower types, grouped into flower-like inflorescences
generalist pollinators
Tags: asteraceae, eudicots
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Define inflorescence. Advantages?
cluster of flowers combined in a single structure.
- economy of scale associated with attraction, reward, physical support of pollinators.
- economy of scale associated with attraction, reward, physical support of pollinators.
Tags: definition, infloresence
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Sexual reproduction may involve selfing or outcrossing. What are these?
Selfing: pollination between anthers, pistil on 1 plant
Outcrossing: pollination between anthers, pistils on separate plants
Outcrossing: pollination between anthers, pistils on separate plants
Tags: angiosperms, flowers, sexual reproduction
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What are 3 mechanisms that may promote outcrossing?
1. Genetic self-incompatibility
2. spatial separation of sexes
3. temporal separation of sexes
2. spatial separation of sexes
3. temporal separation of sexes
Tags: angiosperms, flowers, outcrossing, sexual reproduction
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Define protandry vs. protogyny.
Protandry: pollen shed before stigma receptive
Protogyny: stigma receptive before pollen shed.
Protogyny: stigma receptive before pollen shed.
Tags: angiosperms, flowers, protandry, protogyna
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Fruits consist of 3 layers, which are:
- exocarp (outer skin)
- mesocarp (middle flesh)
- endocarp (inner stone)
- mesocarp (middle flesh)
- endocarp (inner stone)
Tags: angiosperms, fruits
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Flashcard set info:
Author: zeestree
Main topic: Biology
Topic: Flowers and Fruits
School / Univ.: University of Hawaii at Manoa
City: Honolulu
Published: 20.04.2010
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All cards (15)
advanced (1)
angiosperms (10)
asteraceae (1)
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definition (1)
dehiscent (1)
dry (1)
eudicots (1)
evolution (3)
fleshy (1)
floral symetry (1)
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flowers (6)
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infloresence (1)
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orchidaceae (1)
outcrossing (1)
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petals (1)
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pollination (1)
protandry (1)
protogyna (1)
sepals (2)
stamens (2)
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