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All main topics / Geography / Nature

Geography Test 2 (Chp 4-7) (54 Cards)

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What is Nature?
a social creation as much as it is a physical universe

it shapes our society
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What is society?  The relationship b/w nature and society is usually mediated by .
the sum of inventions, institutions, and relationships created by humans

technology
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What is technology defined as? (3 things)
1) physical objects (ex: plow)

2) activities or process (ex: steelmaking)

3) knowledge (engineering)
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What is the formula for "distinguishing the sources of social impacts on the environment?"
I=PAT

Impact (on earth's resources)
=
Population
x
Affluence (per capita income)
x
Technology factor
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What is cultural ecology?
The study of how human society has adapted to environmental challenges such as shit
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What is romanticism?  Who championed it?
emphasizes the interdependence of nature and humans

Thorough
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What is Transcendentalism?  Who championed it?
spirit dominates the flesh

Ralph Waldo Emerson
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What is the difference b/w conservation and preservation?
preservation is more extreme than conservation

Preservationists are also known as ecoterrorists
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What is environmental ethics? (aka: enviethicz)
society has a moral obligation to treat nature according to the rules of moral behavior that exist for treating human beings
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What is ecofeminism?
equate women to nature and there you go
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What is deep ecology?
human and nonhuman deserve equal respect

self-realization that you are a part of nature
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When was the Paleolithic period?  What was it characterized by?
~1.5 million yrs ago

early Stone Age
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When was the Neolithic Period?  What was it characterized by?
~10,000 yrs ago

cultivating plants and herding wild animals

the later part of the Paleolithic period
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What is a virgin soil epidemic?
no natural immunity to disease
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What is ecological imperialism?
crops moving from one location to another
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What is demographic collapse?
near genocide of native populations
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What was the Kyoto Protocol?
tries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions among a bunch of industrialized countries
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What is cultural geography?
the way goeography shapes culture
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What is culture?
connections among people and places (beliefs and a bunch of other shitty keywords)
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What is a cultural landscape?
mix of landscape and culture
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What is historical geography?  What is "Genre de vie"?
geography of the past

a way of life that defines a group of people
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What is "the combination of traits characteristic of a particular group" known as?
cultural complex
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What is a diaspora?
a spatial dispersion of a group of previously homogeneous people
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What is a Language a) branch b) group c) family ?  What are the size of each, largest to smallest?
Size largest to smallest:

C) Language Family - large collection of languages that are believed to go back to prehistoric origins

A) Language Branch - a collection of language that possess a common origin but have been split into individual languages

B) Language Group - a group of several very similar languages in a branch


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What is cultural nationalism?
an attempt to protect cultures from the homogenizing effect of globalization
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What is cultural geography?
the way geography shapes culture
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What is cultural geography?
the way geography shapes culture
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What does "Islam" mean?  What does "Muslim" mean? 
Islam - means "submission" to god's will

Muslim - is a follower of Islam
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What is a hajj?
a pilgrimage to Mecca
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What is Jihad?
"sacred struggle" to convert nonbelievers
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What is Racialization?
the practice of creating unequal castes where being white is standard
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What is territoriality?
attachement to a territory or place
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What is ethology?
study of the formation of human customs and beliefs
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What are proxemics?
the study of the meaning that people give to personal space
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What is an existential imperative?
the connection b/w a person and his surroundings
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What is a District? Node? Landmark?  Give examples.
District - a place with identifiable characteristics that people can enter or leave (ex: Norcross)

Node - specific points within a district for travel(ex: street corner)

Landmark - physical reference points
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What does "Topophilia" mean?
"love of a place"
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What is the process of semiotics?
reading a writing signs in one's environment
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What is difference b/w Modernity and Postmodernity?
Modernity emphasizes scientific progress and economic stuff while Postmodernity emphasizes openness to social inquiry and gay shit like artistic expression
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What does Cosmopolitan mean?
at ease with many different cultures; well-traveled
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What is GNI?
gross national income
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What is the PPP?
Purchasing Power Parity - how much a market can purchase in their local currency of a common "basket" of goods
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What is Primary activity? Secondary? Tertiary? Quaternary?
Primary - anything to do with natural resources

Secondary - anything with manufacturing/processing raw goods

Tertiary - sale and exchange of goods and services

Quaternary - handling and processing of knowledge and information (ex: education)
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What is an NIC?
Newly industrializing country
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What is a trading bloc?
groups of countries with trading agreements
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What is an autarky?
when a country does not contribute to international trade/flow of goods
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What is the debt trap?
the need to constantly borrow to develop
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What is the OECD?
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (about 30 countries)
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What is geographical path dependence?
the relationship between present-day activities in a place and the past experiences of that place
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What is a localization economy?
an economy that benefits from clustering in a particular location
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What is an Agglomeration Effect?
the cost of conglomerating firms
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What are Agglomeration diseconomies?
the negative effects of urbanization on local infrastructure
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What is a growth pole?
An industry that other industries grow around
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What is Fordism?  Neofordism?
Fordism - mass production/scientific production

Neo-fordism - more flexible production, distribution and marketing systems
Flashcard set info:
Author: savhighsmith
Main topic: Geography
Topic: Nature
School / Univ.: UGA
City: Athens
Published: 22.03.2010
 
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