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All main topics / Psychology / General

Psychology chapter 5 (38 Cards)

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Changing one form if energy into another. In sensation, the tranforming of stimulus energies, such as sights sounds and smells into neural impulses our brains can interpret.
Transduction
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The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Absolute threshold
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Below our absolute threshold for concious awareness 
Subliminal
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Activating often unconciously associations in our minds thus setting us up to percieve or remember objects or events in certain ways
Priming
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The minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for a detection 50% of the time
Difference stimuli
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The principle that to be perceived as different 2 stimuli must differ by a constant
minimum proportion (rather than a constant amount).
Weber's law
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Reduced sensitivity in response to constant stimulation
Sensory adaptation
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The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next
Wavelength
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The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue green and so forth
Hue
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The amount of energy in the light or sound wave which we perceive as brightness or loudness as determined by the waves amplitude
Intensity
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the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye; contains the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the proccessing of visual information
retina
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retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond
rods
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the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
optic nerve
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retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina; in day light or well lit conditions, these detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
cones
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the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye; this part of the retina is "blind" because it has no receptor cells
blind spot
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nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as edges, lines and angles
feature detectors
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the proccessing of many aspects of a problem or scene at the same time; the brain's natural mode of information proccessing for many functions, including vision
parallel proccessing
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the scene or act of hearing
audition
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the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
frequency
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a tone's experienced highness of lowness; depends on the frequency
pitch
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a coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through this fluid trigger nerve impulses
cochlea
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a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
hypnosis
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the principle that one sense may influence another as when the smell of food influences its taste
sensory interaction
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the system of sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
kinesthesis
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the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
vestibular sense
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an organized whole. These psychologist emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
gestalt
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the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings
figure-ground
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the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into meaningful groups
grouping
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the ability to see objects in their dimensions, although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance
depth perception
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a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
visual cliffs
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depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes
binocular cues
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a binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance - the greater disparity between two images, the closer the object
retinal disparity
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depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
monocular cues
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perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change
perceptual constancy
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perceiving familiar objects as having a constant color, even if changing illumination alerts the wavelengths reflected by the object
color constancy
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in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
perceptual adaptation
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a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
perceptual set
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the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input, such as through telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition
extrasensory perception
Flashcard set info:
Author: MACsgirl11608
Main topic: Psychology
Topic: General
School / Univ.: University of Mississippi
Published: 01.03.2010
 
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